OPTIMISME IBU BEKERJA DI INDONESIA DITINJAU DARI WORK-FAMILY CONFLICT DAN KEPEMILIKAN ASISTEN RUMAH TANGGA

Abstract

Abstrak

Ibu yang bekerja di luar rumah akan menjalani dua tuntutan peran berbeda. Dengan kedua tuntutan tersebut, ia mengalami keterbatasan waktu, merasakan ketegangan emosional dan dituntut menampilkan perilaku berbeda antara di tempat kerja dan di rumah. Menghadapi kondisi tersebut, ibu bekerja harus memiliki energi ekstra agar tidak lelah secara fisik maupun psikologis. Salah satu upaya untuk meringankan beban ibu bekerja adalah adanya bantuan fisik dari asisten rumah tangga, agar ia memiliki waktu untuk membagi perhatian antara keluarga dan pekerjaan hingga tetap optimis. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui pengaruh simultan work-family conflict dan kepemilikan asisten rumah tangga terhadap optimisme ibu bekerja di Indonesia. Metode penelitian ini berjenis kuantitatif-kausal komparatif dengan teknik purposive sampling, melibatkan 204 ibu bekerja dan telah menikah di wilayah Indonesia. Alat ukur optimisme menggunakan teori Seligman (2008) dengan 35 item valid (rentang (r) ≥ 0,3) dan reliabilitas (α) = 0,956. Skala work-family conflict menggunakan teori Greenhaus & Beutell (1985) dengan 22 item valid dan reliabilitas  (α) = 0,912. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan ada pengaruh secara simultan work-family conflict dan kepemilikan asisten rumah tangga terhadap optimisme ibu bekerja di Indonesia (sig. (p) = 0,000); (p) < 0,05 dengan persamaan regresi berganda Y =  147,392 - 0,804 X1 + 0,320 X2. Work-family conflict dan kepemilikan asisten rumah tangga memberikan kontribusi sebesar 44,8% terhadap optimisme. Selain itu, ditemukan secara parsial ada pengaruh work family conflict terhadap optimisme (p) = 0,000 <0,05, akan tetapi tidak ada pengaruh secara parsial kepemilikan asisten rumah tangga terhadap optimisme dengan nilai (p)= 0,775 >0,05. Ibu bekerja dengan optimisme tinggi lebih banyak yang telah menikah >20 tahun, memiliki anak >3 serta berprofesi sebagai doker dan nakes.

Abstract

Women who worked outside the house had two different roles that are both demanding. With those two roles, there were time management issues, emotional burden, and pressure to show different behaviour at work and at home. Facing these challenges, working women needed extra energy to prevent physical and emotional fatigue. One of the thing to do was to provide a house assistant to help with some of house chores so women could have more time to handle family and work and in the end could experience optimism. The aim of this research was to find out the simultaneous effect of work-family conflict and the usesage of house assistant toward the level of optimism of working women in Indonesia. Method of this research was quantitative-causal comparative with purposive sampling technique, involving 204 working and married women. Optimism was measured with a scale based on Seligman (2008) with 35 items (range (r) ≥ 0,3) and reliability(α) = 0,956). Work family conflict was measured with a scale based on Greenhaus & Beutell (1985) with 22 items (reliability (α) = 0,912). The result of this research showed the simultaneous influence of work-family conflict and the usage of house assistant to level of optimism of working women in Indonesia (sig. (p) = 0,000); (p) < 0,05) with double regression equation: Y =  147,392 - 0,804 X1 + 0,320 X2. Work-family conflict and usage of house assistant gave a 44.8% contribution on optimism. Beside that, it was also found a partial influence of work family conflict toward optimism ((p) = 0,000 <0,05) but there was no partial influence of usage of house assistant toward optimism ((p)= 0,775 >0,05. Working women with higher level of optimism were those who were married more than 20 years, have equal and more than three children, and had doctor and health practitioner as their professions.